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Issues in Urban Poverty: Two Selected Papers Daniel Kassahun Meron Assefa

Table of Contents (TOC)

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………. i

1 Some Aspects of the Charcoal Economy and Its Impact on Poverty and the
   Environment ………………………………………………………………………….... 1
   Daniel Kassahun

2 Gender Dimensions of Urban Poverty in Ethiopia: The Case of Three Kebeles in 
   Addis Ababa ………………………………………………………………………….. 25
   Meron Assefa

Figures

Figure 1.1 The household energy ladder. Modified from Meikle and Bannister (2003)…………. 3
Figure 1.2 Conceptual interrelationsip between charcoal making, poverty and environmental
                  perception ……………………………………………………………………………. 4 
Figure 1.3 Seasonality of charcoal production and food adequacy in the rural household 
    (Source: synthesis of Mesfin (1997) and data from the study) ……………………… 11
Figure 1.4 A hypothetical deductive modeling of feedback between charcoal making, growing
                  intensity of poverty and seasonality ………………………………………………... 12
Figure 1.5 Stepped electricity charges (2005) ………………………………………………….. 16

Tables

Table 1.1 Energy sources of Ethiopia ……………………………………………………………. 1
Table 1.2 Types of domestic energy used by households (% of households) …………………… 5
Table 1.3 Summary of household parameters in Meki and Alem Tena towns …………………. 14
Table 1.4 Perception of respondents on the sources of biofuels available in town 
	   markets (% of respondents) ………………………………………………………….. 17
Table 1.5 Perception of respondents on temporal aspects of charcoal (% of respondents) …….. 17
Table 1.6 Probable impact of income increment on biofuel consumption (% of respondents) … 18
Table 1.7 Perceived impacts of charcoal production on environment (% of respondents) …….. 18
Table 1.8 Opinion of urban households on charcoal control (% of respondents) ………………. 19
Table 1.9 Perceptions on the effects of banning charcoal production (% of respondents) ……... 20
Table 1.10 Opinion of households on the future environmental wellbeing of the locality 
                  (% of respondents) ………………………………………………………………….. 20
Boxes

Box 2.1 Definitions of poverty by participants …………………………………………………. 34
Box 2.2 The livelihood of commercial sex workers ……………………………………………. 35
Box 2.3 The livelihood of elderly and disabled men and women ………………………………. 37
Box 2.4 Case studies of single women and female-headed households ………………………... 39
Box 2.5 Women fuelwood Carriers …………………………………………………………….. 40
Box 2.6 Case study of school dropouts …………………………………………………………. 47
Box 2.7 Case study of displaced people ………………………………………………………... 49

Contents

Abstract.......................................................................................................i
10.	Introduction..........................................................................................1
11.	The Conceptual Framework.................................................................4
12.	Study Method and the Statistical Models............................................7
13.	Social/Institutional Profile of the Forest Areas....................................9
14.	The Bases of the Economy.................................................................13
15.	Forest Resources................................................................................19
16.	Perceptions of Ownership, Forest Management Systems                 and their Rankings.............................................................................20

17.	Benefits from and Willingness to Pay [WTP] for Sustainable          use of Resources and Environmental Services..................................31

18.	Summary and Policy Implications.....................................................39
References................................................................................................41
Appendices...............................................................................................44
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